Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and private 5G networks promise deterministic, low-latency communication for modern protection and control—extending real-time reliability beyond the substation fence.

Why Determinism Matters

In protection systems, milliseconds determine success or failure. A delayed trip signal can cause catastrophic equipment damage or cascading outages. Traditional Ethernet networks, while fast, are not inherently deterministic—packet collisions, jitter, or congestion can alter delivery times. For protection, that uncertainty is unacceptable.

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) resolves this issue by creating predictable Ethernet traffic through scheduling, prioritization, and synchronization. Each critical data flow is assigned guaranteed bandwidth and timing, ensuring that GOOSE or sampled-value messages reach their destination within microseconds.

TSN Meets Private 5G

As utilities digitize substations, communication needs now extend into the field—remote switchyards, distributed sensors, and mobile crews. Fiber cannot reach every point, and public wireless networks lack the reliability utilities require. This is where private 5G enters the picture.

Private 5G offers utilities dedicated spectrum, controlled quality of service, and ultra-reliable low-latency performance. When combined with TSN scheduling, it creates a seamless, deterministic network from breaker bay to control room.

In this hybrid setup:

• TSN governs wired Ethernet within the substation, ensuring predictable local traffic.
• Private 5G handles remote links or mobile devices, maintaining time synchronization and latency guarantees.
• Gateways translate TSN frames to 5G packets without losing timing information.

The result is an end-to-end communication fabric designed for mission-critical operations.

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https://online.electricity-today.com/electricity-today/q3-2025/