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Substation Testing & Maintenance


End-to-End Monitoring Systems Feeds Situational Awareness

For many years the limit for normal apparatus loading was based on the maximum nameplate rating or an arbitrarily set value, called ‘the red line’. On-line monitoring of power transformers and circuit breakers for condition assessment has gained popularity over the past twenty-five...

Utilizing Fault Resistance to Test Distance Relays

Taking power grid protection to an all-new level BY JASON BUNEO & RENE AGUILAR, Megger The testing of distance relays has evolved from testing simple electromechanical relays to the newest modern microprossesor relays. Most modern relays employ advanced algorithms that not only compare the...

Effective and Safe Testing of GIS Switchgear

To fully assess the functionality of medium and high voltage circuit breakers, various mechanical and electrical parameters must be tested. Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) in particular poses unique and special challenges, including the connection of the test equipment. In today‘s world, where...

Substation Testing & Maintenance

Properly Grounded Substations

Adequate utility grounding improves power quality, but more importantly, it is essential for worker safety as well as public protection. Design is critical in maintaining a safe equipotential environment all around the substation.

Construction is important to accommodate fault currents without leaving the substation with dangerous potential gradients.

A tester must establish a sufficiently low resistance to remote earth so that operation remains within safe parameters. Similarly, safe step and touch potentials must be...

Related Articles


switching times on medium and high voltage Gas Insulated Switchgear

Effective and Safe Testing of GIS Switchgear

To fully assess the functionality of medium and high voltage circuit breakers, various mechanical and electrical parameters must be tested. Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) in particular poses unique and special challenges, including the connection of the test equipment. In today‘s world, where...

PFT – 503CM

High Voltage Testing with AC Power Frequency

High Voltage, Inc. is a small design and manufacturing company located in the Hudson Valley region of New York State. Although small, we are a large presence in the electrical test equipment industry with a representative organization covering most of the world and a highly respected product line...

Sweep Frequency Response Analysis

Sweep frequency response analysis: Reliable demagnetization of transformer cores BY MARKUS PÜTTER, MICHAEL RÄDLER, BORIS UNTERER, OMICRON electronics GmbH Whenever a power or distribution transformer is isolated from the power system, it is very probable that residual magnetism remains in the...


FERC Complaint Targets Duke, PJM Transmission Planning

A coalition of large energy consumers and ratepayer advocates has filed a complaint with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), urging the agency to prohibit transmission owners from independently planning "local" transmission projects exceeding 100 kilovolts (kV). The coalition argues...

Contact Material Recycling and Sustainability in Electronics

The electronics industry is experiencing rapid growth and innovation, with devices becoming more advanced and ubiquitous. As this industry continues to flourish, it’s crucial to consider the environmental impact of electronic manufacturing and the materials used in these devices. One area...

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