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Starmer Faces Key Test on Carbon Budget Decisions

In December 2024, Prime Minister Keir Starmer is poised to confront a pivotal challenge in his climate leadership as the UK's independent Climate Change Committee (CCC) prepares to release its recommendations for the seventh carbon budget. Scheduled for February 26, 2025, this advisory will outline the nation's greenhouse gas emissions targets for the period 2038 to 2042, a critical component in the UK's commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

The Seventh Carbon Budget: A...

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New York's Path to 8.5 GW of Grid Flexibility by 2040

New York State's transition to a clean, zero-emissions energy grid could include up to 8.5 gigawatts (GW) of grid flexibility by 2040, according to a new report from the Brattle Group. This projection, while contingent on achieving ambitious decarbonization goals, illustrates how the state could...


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First Ice-Free Arctic Day Could Come Before 2030

The Arctic is undergoing rapid changes, and a new study suggests that the first ice-free day in the Arctic Ocean may come sooner than previously expected—before 2030. This alarming possibility underscores the accelerated pace of climate change and its potential to significantly alter the...

Electrical Substations

Properly Grounded Substations

Adequate utility grounding improves power quality, but more importantly, it is essential for worker safety as well as public protection. Design is critical in maintaining a safe equipotential environment all around the substation.

Construction is important to accommodate fault currents without leaving the substation with dangerous potential gradients.

A tester must establish a sufficiently low resistance to remote earth so that operation remains within safe parameters. Similarly, safe step and touch potentials must be established for the protection of workers and public during fault conditions. Step potential is the distance between a person’s feet and touch potential is the voltage between the energized object and feet of the person.

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
Undoubtedly, grounding begins with the earth itself; that is to say, the electrical properties of soil and its ability to carry return current and disseminate fault currents. This property is known as resistivity.

Soil structure and...

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