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Application of Symmetric Conditions in the Simulation of High Voltage Power Transmission Models

The height of the power transmitting towers is usually in the range of 10m to 40m and the separation between two consecutive towers is about 200m to 400m. In addition, the area of the ground that needs to be considered in the simulation is large. Therefore, Finite Element Method (FEM) is not suitable for simulation of this application. Whereas Boundary Element Method (BEM) is best suited for these open region problems. This paper refers to...

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Electrical Substations

Utilities Await New Physical Security Standard

U.S. regulator takes next step in approving physical security standard

BY PHILL FELTHAM, Editor-in-Chief
Electricity Today Magazine

Recently, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) announced a proposal to approve the physical security reliability standard (CIP-014-1), submitted by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) earlier in the year. This physical security standard is currently being developed in response to an armed assault that occurred on a California substation in early 2013.

Initially, FERC determined that NERC’s current critical infrastructure protection (CIP) standards lacked specifics for entities to “reasonably protect” their infrastructure against physical attacks that could adversely affect power grid reliability. As a result, FERC requested NERC to develop and submit new standards that, according to a news release, “identify critical facilities; evaluate potential threats to, and vulnerabilities of, those facilities; and develop and implement a security plan to protect against attacks on those facilities”.

Approval of the new reliability...

Electrical Substations Articles


Substation Technologies

Substation Architecture Protection

Solving common mistakes in communications cabling for electrical utilities BY FRANK KODITEK, Belden Inc. In the energy industry, there are numerous types of cables in use for a wide variety of applications, from transporting high-voltage current for miles to providing power and data connectivity...
Substation Technologies

Protecting Substations Against Animal Invaders

A closer look at animal-caused outages at substations BY BILL REICHARD, TransGard Systems Every year, squirrels, raccoons, snakes, and other climbing animals cause substation outages across North America. According to a 2010 University of Minnesota study, the resulting estimated cost to electric...
Physical Security & Monitoring

Deterrence Drives Next Gen Security

Theft, destruction, disablement, vandalism, and terrorism: any of the aforementioned words receive the attention of organizations with susceptible critical assets. Physical security and its costs, benefits, and risks are becoming more important as each day passes. Important, not only from a safety...
Substation Testing & Maintenance

Leakers, What a Mess!

Electric Substation apparatus, transformers and circuit breakers, are the workhorses of the electric transmission grid. Our focus in this article is on the issue of dielectric media leaks. Specifically, oil in large power transformers and oil or SF6 gas in power circuit breakers. Oil and gas leaks...