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Substation Testing

Power Factor Testing of Circuit Breakers

Detecting contamination and deterioration in SF6 breakers to ensure longevity BY LINDA NOWAK, Doble Engineering Company The purpose of “Doble testing”, or power factor testing, SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) circuit breakers is to detect the presence of contamination and/or deterioration of the...

Insulation Resistance Test

Insulation Resistance (IR) test, often called Megger test, is more than 100 years old and assumed to be a very straightforward test. During my inspection and testing work in the past 15 years in Canada, US, and internationally, I have seen different practices of performing and interpretation of IR...

The Dissolved Gas Analysis Toolkit

Dissolved gas analysis: addressing the challenges of collecting samples BY DONAL SKELLY, GE’s Digital Energy business Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is a technique for identifying and quantifying the gas formed in oil-filled electrical equipment because of either the natural aging of oil and paper...

Why Net-Zero is Cheaper for the UK

The United Kingdom has set an ambitious target to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This goal necessitates a comprehensive transformation of various sectors, including energy, transportation, and agriculture. While the environmental imperatives are clear, there is growing evidence...


Why calibrate test equipment

You’re serious about your electrical test instruments. You buy top brands, and you expect them to be accurate. You know some people send their digital instruments to a metrology lab for calibration, and you wonder why. After all, these are all electronic — there’s no meter...

HV Testing

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Calculation of Capacitance Matrix in Electrical Systems

In typical electrical systems, the capacitance between multiple conductors is of primary interest. To facilitate calculations, it is possible to arrange the mutual capacitances of a system of N conductors in a matrix format. For precise calculations of capacitance matrices in electrical systems, INTEGRATED’s ELECTRO™ AND COULOMB™ programs prove invaluable. Below are a few examples:

For the computation of the capacitance matrix in a twisted multiple cable model and to speed up the solution process,...

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